Basic Framework
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LeetCode Card 321 — 2D Dynamic Programming / Breakdown

DP 2D — BASIC step map

Pattern signal

This pattern usually appears when the prompt involves state depends on two indices, two strings, or grid-like subproblems. Longest Common Subsequence, Edit Distance, unique paths with obstacles, and many grid optimizations fit here.

What you make visible is what gets credit.

What Breakdown means here

In BASIC, the Breakdown step is where you identify the signal words, constraints, and output shape that reveal the pattern family. For 2D Dynamic Programming, that matters because the pattern only becomes useful once the candidate is explicit about what is being tracked, reduced, or preserved.

Interview move

A strong move is to split the problem before trying to solve it. In this pattern family, say out loud what representation makes the problem easier: the map entry, the pointer invariant, the recursion contract, the queue contents, or the DP state. That keeps the implementation attached to a reason.

Common miss

Candidates drown in table details because they never define what each cell actually means. BASIC reduces that risk because the stage sequence forces you to earn the implementation instead of jumping straight into it.

BASIC prompt

“Given that this looks like 2D Dynamic Programming, what is the simplest way to identify the signal words, constraints, and output shape that reveal the pattern family?”

Why this matters
Breakdown isn't just problem comprehension. It's scope control. Every minute you spend here reduces the chance of building the wrong thing for ten minutes. In system design, it's even more critical — the requirements you miss at Breakdown haunt you at Check.

References

S10 S12 S13

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